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Posted Oct 7 2008 9:02 AM by Angie Baldwin

Heartworms and heartworm disease in dogs and cats

 

Heartworm transmission

Heartworms are about six inches long. They live mostly in the heart and the large blood vessel that bring oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart. Adult male and female worms living in the heart produce thousands of microscopic baby worms (microfilaria) which circulate throughout the body.  These baby heartworms do not grow to adulthood in the dog where they were born.   Before baby heartworms can develop further, they must live in a mosquito.  

A mosquito comes along and bites the infected dog, sucking up baby heartworms. This probably isn't too good for the mosquito, but this is what the worms have been waiting for. During the next month, the heartworm babies develop into heartworm teenagers. 

Now, the mosquito bites another dog, infecting the new dog with teenage heartworms,  ready to develop into adulthood.  After six or seven more months the life cycle is complete:  new adult male and female heartworms are producing thousands of baby heartworms.

Canine Heartworm Disease

Signs of Heartworm infection in dogs include

  • Coughing
  • Difficulty Breathing
  • Sluggishness
  • Reduced ability to exercise
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Sudden death

There are several different drugs used for heartworm prevention, all of them highly effective and easy to use.  You have your choice between a monthly good-tasting pill ( Heartgard, Interceptor or Sentinel), or a monthly application of medicine to the skin (Advantage Multi and Revolution).   In Indianapolis , we have mosquitoes year 'round, and Our recommendation is once a month, year 'round, permanently

Canine Heartworm Testing

No medication is perfect, and none of us have perfect memories.  Dogs should be tested yearly. 

Heartworm Treatment In Dogs

Although heartworms can be fatal, and treatment for the disease involves risk, the condition is nearly always curable. Treatment requires careful medical care and complete rest at home afterwards. 

Feline Heartworm Disease

Because cats are not a natural host for the parasite, heartworm disease in cats is a very different problem.  Cats are much less likely to get heartworms than dogs are.  When they do, symptoms are unpredictable and seemingly illogical. 

Heartworm Symptoms In Cats

Usually there are no symptoms.  When noted,  symptoms resemble those of other more common problems.

  • vomiting
  • wheezing, choking
  • fainting spells
  • hindquarter paralysis
  • sudden unexplained death

Feline Heartworm Prevention

We recommend AdvantageMulti for heartworm and flea preventions in cats.


Posted Oct 7 2008 9:01 AM by Angie Baldwin

Using a good flea and tick control is the key to preventing fleas and ticks from being a problem for our pets.

Fleas and ticks bring on the Spring and Summer blues for our pets. Fleas and ticks are tough to control once we have an infestation, the key of course is prevention.  If you use a good flea and tick preventative on a regular basis then you won't have to worry about fleas and ticks on your pets or in your house.

There are a lot of options out there, we have outlined the products we would (and do) use. Another thing to remember is to treat all the pets, indoor and outdoor, in order to rid all the fleas from the area, otherwise you'll continue to be re-infested .

Advantage:

This is a great flea product from the Bayer Corporation. The active ingredient is imidacloprid. Advantage is a fast acting topical product that is meant to be used monthly. Within 12 hours 98% of fleas are dead or dying. This product will also kill flea larvae within 20 minutes and fleas are killed before they have a chance to lay eggs so the infestation stops here. Advantage is available for both dogs and cats and puppies as young as 7 weeks and kittens as young as 8 weeks.

AdvantageMulti:
This is an all in one product that Bayer has come out with called Advantage Multi(imidacloprid + moxidectin). It has the same ingredients as Advantage so it has a quick flea kill but has added medication to also kill Heartworms, Roundworms, Hookworms and Whipworms in Dogs. In Cats it kills Fleas, Heartworms, Roundworms, Hookworms and Ear Mites. It is also applied topically every 30 days.

K9 Advantix:

With a name like K9 Advantix it's obvious that this product is only to be used on dogs, never apply this product to cats. K9 Advantix is also made by the Bayer Corporation and contains both imidacloprid and permethrin. K9 Advantix kills and repels mosquitoes and ticks and stops fleas from biting in 5 minutes and kills fleas within one hour.

This product is a once a month topical that can be used on dogs and puppies as young as 7 weeks.

Frontline Plus:

Frontline is manufactured by Merial. The active ingredient is (S)-methoprene. Frontiline Plus is quick acting and long lasting, it will kill fleas within 18 hours and ticks within 48 hours and last for one month.

This product kills adult fleas, flea larvae, and flea eggs as well as the brown dog tick, lone star tick, deer tick, and American dog tick. Frontline Plus can be used on dogs and cats as young as 8 weeks and on pregnant and nursing mothers. This product also boasts to be waterproof.

Frontline Spray:

Frontline Spray quickly eliminates fleas and ticks, it kills all the fleas on the pet within 24 hours of application. Like the name implies it is a spray that is applied to the coat of the pet and continues to work for one month.

Frontline Spray can be used on dogs and cats as young as 8 weeks and is waterproof. I recommend this product a lot to multi-pet households who might not be able to afford a top spot flea treatment to every pet or households with barn cats.

Revolution:

Revolution is manufactured by Pfizer Animal Health. The active ingredient is selamectin. This is a once a month treatment that is applied between the shoulder blades. Revolution works to protect dogs against heartworms, fleas, flea eggs, ear mites, sarcoptic mange, and the American dog tick. Revolution works to protect cats against heartworms, fleas, flea eggs, ear mites, roundworms, and hookworms. Revolution can be used on dogs and cats as young as 6 weeks of age.

It is important when treating pets to follow label instructions.

Never apply a product labeled for a dog on a cat and vice versa.

 

Over the Counter Products

Also, avoid those products you can purchase at department or grocery stores, We can promise you they don't work.  Another bad thing about these products is some of them use an ingredient that can be harmful to cats (cause seizures and death).  Stick with products you get through us. The great thing about the products we've outlined above is they are available through us and if you are not happy with them have a manufactures guarantee.


Posted Oct 7 2008 8:57 AM by Angie Baldwin

Flea allergy dermatitis is the most common allergy in dogs and is caused by flea bites, specifically the saliva of the flea. It is a very itchy disease and predisposes to the development of secondary skin infections.

Oddly enough, most animals with flea allergy have very few fleas – because they are so itchy, they groom themselves excessively, eliminating any evidence of fleas. However, a couple of flea bites every two weeks are sufficient to make a flea allergic dog itchy all the time. Any animal can become allergic to fleas, although some dogs are more attractive to fleas than others.

Fleas are bloodsucking insects with a life span of 6 to 12 months. This life span is influenced by environmental conditions and can vary from two to three weeks up to a year. Optimal conditions include humidity of 75 to 85 percent and temperature of 65 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Humidity is more important than the temperature. The adult flea spends most of its life on the host, while the immature stages (eggs) are found in the environment.

What to Watch For

  • Severe itching
  • Chewing and biting of the tail, rump, back legs and occasionally front legs
  • Oozing lesions (lick granuloma) from chewing
  • Hot spots on the hips or face, which is severe skin damage from scratching

    Diagnosis

    Flea allergy dermatitis is a common cause of itchiness and scratching in dogs, but other medical problems can lead to similar symptoms. Other disorders that must be excluded are:

  • Food allergy
  • Atopy
  • Trauma or other cause of local skin irritation
  • Sarcoptic mange
  • Cheyletiellosis (a mite infestation)
  • Otitis externa (ear infection)


    Some pets may have more than one medical problem. For example, scratching or biting due to flea irritation can cause a “hot spot” (acute moist dermatitis) and secondary bacterial skin infection (pyoderma) can follow.

    Diagnosis of flea allergy is made based on history, clinical signs and a positive response to flea control.

    Treatment

    Treatment of flea allergy dermatitis involves three phases:

  • Prevention of flea bites. The most important part of treatment is preventing flea bites with aggressive flea control on your dog and in the environment.

  • Treatment of secondary skin infections. Antibiotics and antifungal drugs may be necessary to treat secondary skin infections triggered by the flea allergy.

  • Breaking the itch cycle. If your dog is intensely itchy, a short course of steroids may be necessary to break the itch cycle and make your dog more comfortable.

    Preventative Care

    Use an effective safe flea control product(Advantage, Advantix, Advantage Multi, Frontline or Revolution) on your dog  year round.

    Use frequent vacuuming and carpet cleaning strategies to remove eggs and larvae from the dog's indoor environment. Use a professional cleaning or exterminating service in difficult cases.

    See your veterinarian promptly if your dog develops acute skin lesions (acute moist dermatitis) as a result of biting or scratching at fleas. Frequent grooming of your dog with a “flea comb” may be helpful to remove fleas.

  • Posted Oct 7 2008 8:54 AM by Angie Baldwin

    To ensure that your kitten receives complete preventative care to protect against disease, we recommend a series of two visits.   During these visits, your kitten will receive all vaccinations needed to maintain good health.  In addition, a veterinarian will thoroughly examine your kitten to identify any potential problems.  

    Because your kitten’s health and wellbeing will depend on more than just vaccinations, we will sit down and talk with you about caring for your kitten, behavior issues, and answer any questions you might have.  

    Kitten series visits consist of: 

    • Comprehensive Physical Exam
    • Feline Leukemia and FIV testing
    • Intestinal parasite (worm) testing and treatment
    • Vaccinations:
      • Feline Calicivirus  
    • • Feline Rhinotracheitis
      • Rabies  
    • • Feline Leukemia
      • Panleukopenia 
    • • Feline Herpevirus
    • Pet owner counseling regarding pet care, housebreaking, behavior problems and socialization. 

    Posted Oct 7 2008 8:52 AM by Angie Baldwin

    In order to maintain your  cat’s health, we recommend the following annual preventative healthcare:

    • Comprehensive Physical Exam to detect signs of disease,  illness, or aging concerns
    • Intestinal parasite (worm) testing
    • Feline Heartworm preventative
    • Vaccinations:
    • Feline Distemper to protect against feline respiratory diseases (Rhinotracheitis and Calicivirus) and Panleukopenia (Distemper)
    • Feline Leukemia
    • Rabies vaccine
    • Chlamydia

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